The peer-reviewed research and regulatory evidence behind AUREN's guidance.
Stanford / Dietz et al., 2023
Research on how children at different developmental stages attribute consciousness and emotion to AI systems.
Cambridge / Kurian, 2024
26% of vulnerable teens prefer AI chatbots to human support — implications for child safety and mental health services.
MIT Media Lab, 2025
Neural pathway changes when children rely on AI for problem-solving — evidence for cognitive dependency.
Amnesty International, 2023
How social media algorithms push harmful mental health content to teenage accounts within minutes of creation.
ICO, 2024
Review of platform compliance with the 15 standards of the Age Appropriate Design Code, three years after implementation.
Guardian AI
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For immediate help: • 999 — if someone is in immediate danger • Childline: 0800 1111 — free, confidential support • CEOP — ceop.police.uk for online exploitation
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